Clojure is a lisp, like it or not, sure its not common lisp or whatever other dialect you prefer, but that shouldnt matter too much. Steel bank common lisp sbcl is ranked 1st while clojure is ranked 2nd. Common lisp also has macroexpand1, which will nonrecursively expand a macro. The mistake is to suppose that once a macro is called, the lisp system enters a macro world, so naturally everything in that world must be defined using defmacro. Clojure clr this project is a native implementation of clojure on the common language runtime clr, the execution engine of microsofts. Common lisp is a lisp2 which has separate function and data namesapces so you can have both a function called foo and a data item called foo. Arrow macros provides clojure like arrow macros in common lisp hipetaarrow macros. This book will help you write macros using clojure, and more importantly, recognize when you should be using macros in the first place. Clojure seems like a modern look at what an approachable lisp might be that isnt totally disconnected from the rest of the world. Then again, ive used libraries like that before with common lisp.
The list is a very central data structure in common lisp, especially when looking at educational content such as classic books. Clojure vs common lisp vs haskell what are the differences. Additionally, clojure s maps, sets, and vectors are as first class in clojure as lists are in lisp. When comparing clojure vs steel bank common lisp sbcl, the slant community recommends steel bank common lisp sbcl for most people. The one thing that lisp programmers can agree on is how much better lisp is than c and similar languages. Its not just the repl plus sexpressions plus macros plus multimethod dispatch plus closures plus packages plus clos plus restarts plus x, y and z. If you use sbcl on windows, this library could not be built on your system. In this latter expression, both of the tildes match the syntaxquote, so if we were to evaluate it in turn, we would get. Macros can be used to define syntactic constructs which would require primitives or builtin support in other languages. Clojure is predominantly a functional programming language, and features a rich set of immutable, persistent data structures. Clojure for lisp programmers part 1 rich hickey youtube. Clojure has a programmatic macro system which allows the compiler to be extended by user code. Certainly macros play a role in that because it makes it practical to write. You can see the macro expansion in janet via the macex call similar to macro expand1 in common lisp.
Clojure is also a lisp1 like scheme so it doesnt have a separate namespace for functions and data. No letrec, labels or flet use fn name args for selfreference, letfn for mutual reference. Obvious difference is so called hygiene hygienic macro and there are many nonobvious. What are the best usage scenarios for lisp, clojure, or. A fairly extensive introduction to clojure, with a presumption of prior knowledge of lisp. Common lisps iterate macro also needs nested forms, but slightly improved over loop. One major difference between clojure and common lisp. No special declarations are necessary to distinguish between dynamic and lexical bindings.
Clojures let is more concise than common lisp with less parentheses. Clojure is read by the lisp reader and clojure namespaces are lisp packages. Also some native common lisp implementations of clojure libraries, like seq, persistent. Clojure is also a lisp 1 like scheme so it doesnt have a separate namespace for functions and data. Cloture is in very early prealpha stages, but it has progressed far enough to load clojure. Clojure and common lisp can be categorized as languages tools. Nim vs clojure detailed comparison as of 2020 slant.
Sbcl is free software, provided as is, with absolutely no warranty. This information is provided for programmers familiar with common lisp or scheme. I am writing a significant project in clojure at work because it allows me to write my code in lisp while a utilizing existing opensource and internal java libraries, and b utilize our existing infrastructure for. Common lisp isnt opinionated in the way that clojure is, and neither is its community.
The most important reason people chose steel bank common lisp sbcl is. It is often implemented with a metaobject protocol. How to write common lisp in 2017 an initiation manual. What is the difference between macros in racket and clojure.
One major difference between clojure and common lisp hacker. Clojure neatly sidesteps the lisp 1 vs lisp 2 argument. One of my favorite things about clojure is the threading operator, which greatly simplifies long chains of nested function calls. Clojure is ranked th while common lisp is ranked 20th. Exploring stuff and poking around at the repl in common lisp is a whole different. Clojure programmers are highly encouraged to use immutable data in their code. Clojure is ranked 17th while common lisp is ranked 25th. Clojure and common lisp, though being members of the same lisp family are very different in philosophical terms. One fun aspect of macros are that they give you the possibility of expanding the syntax of your lisp and adding new syntactic features to it, and this happens only because arguments passed to a macro will get evaluated only at runtime, and not at the time of compiling your macro. I just found and bought a new one, with a bonus that it is a leanpub book. Like defn, but the resulting function name is declared as a macro and will be used as a macro by the compiler when it is called. Racket has im sure of that the most advanced macro system of all languages. Hi all im new to lisp and am currently going through the common lisp.
Abcl common lisp vs clojure slime tips how to check slots. Clojure isnt terrible here, but common lisp is definitely better. Transitioning between the two takes twenty or thirty minutes, usually remembering the extra levels of parens i need in cl vs. Common lisp is extensible through standard features such as lisp macros code transformations and reader macros input parsers for characters.
Translating lists from common lisp to clojure dzone java. Functions in clojure dont need a separate namespace like common lisp, so you can avoid funcalls when using higherorder functions. Idiomatic clojure uses as little state as possible, and clojure doesnt have great support for any other style. On the other hand, hygienic macros are sometimes missed in cl. I have experience with scheme and clojure, im quite new to common lisp. The right picture is that defmacro enables a step into the ordinary lisp world, but in which the principal object of manipulation is lisp code. They cant be passed as arguments to other functions or macros, cant be returned as the result of computations, and cant be stored in data structures.
For lisp, and common lisp in particular, the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. This is true for macros in languages like c too, but common lisp. Ive been programming clojure for a little while and recently started learning common lisp. State change is handled by functions for transformations and atoms. A list is a linked chain of conses or the empty list.
Clojure for lisp programmers part 2 rich hickey youtube. Moving from clojure to common lisp might be harder. Scheme vs common lisp software engineering stack exchange. Clojure can compile data structures that represent code, and as part of that process it looks for calls to macros. Clojure is no exception and provides simple macro facilities for developers. Common lisp cl is a dialect of the lisp programming language, published in ansi standard. Common lisp the modern, multiparadigm, highperformance, compiled, ansistandardized descendant of the longrunning family of lisp programming languages. If my team were well versed in functional programming lisp i dont know if id be as eager to adopt elixir. The design of scheme is particularly clean and simple, and the language itself is ea. For me, the power of lisp cant be understood by just looking at a list of lisp features.
Less support for alternative programming paradigms. An experiment port of clojure to common lisp background. I cant really speak to the other lisp dialects and variations, as i havent spent enough time with them to really feel out the pros. How does main lisp languages cl, scheme, racket, clojure reddit.
It is quite common, and easy, for clojure programs to manipulate, transform and produce other clojure programs. Oct 12, 2015 its not as fragmented as it looks like, common lisp and scheme implementations are in similar situations as c which has several flavors through several compilers gcc, clang, etc clojure vs common lisp is kind of in similar situations as javascala and crustgo. The syntactical differences between clojure and common lisp are not an impediment to me. Clojures philosophy, idioms, and to some degree languagelibraries strongly encourage and sometimes insist that you program in a functional way no side effects, no mutable state. Clojure is heavily focused on functional programming. For example the book on lisp might help to understand macros in lisp and clojure, whereas books like practical common lisp or norvigs paip arent very useful for clojure programmers. The clojure repl saves the result of each evaluation in the variables 1, 2, and the last exception in e. Many of the features of lisp have made it into other languages, but lisp s approach to codeasdata and its macro system still set it apart. I dont think improvements from clojure will ever make their way into common lisp primarily due to two reasons 1.
This differentiates it for the better from common lisp. Sep 20, 2010 its funny how the biggest detractors of clojure seem to be those that should be cheering it on, the people that use lisp. Porting clojure seems to be the thing to do these days. This is true for macros in languages like c too, but common lisp macros are. Stumpwm is an x window manager written in common lisp. Common lisp, racket, clojure, emacs lisp hyperpolyglot. Sep 12, 2015 thus basic lisp literature is only of use when its about features which got copied. Aug 28, 20 clojure seems like a modern look at what an approachable lisp might be that isnt totally disconnected from the rest of the world.
Clojure extends the codeasdata system beyond parenthesized lists sexpressions to vectors and maps. An experiment port of clojure to common lisp github. Clojure is a member of the lisp family of languages. Sign in sign up instantly share code, notes, and snippets.
Advantages of others common lisp, in particular and disadvantages of clojure userdefinable reader macros. Starting with common lisp in 2020 marin atanasov nikolov a. Clojure learning curve has really slowed our adoption rate, despite having a lot of existing jvm code. Evaluation proceeds from left to right, and every element of the list must be evaluated before evaluating the list itself. I use both common lisp and clojure in my daytoday work.
The lisp codeasdata philosophy gives tremendous advantages to macro authors and users. In the questionwhat is the best programming language to learn first. The most fundamental difference between common lisp and clojure is that clojure is a lisplike language, and common lisp is an established standard. It handles many very subtle and complicated issues with macro development and u. Common lisp macros by example tutorial lisp journey. Dec 16, 2012 part 2 of a presentation by rich hickey at the boston lisp meeting. Common lisp includes clos, an object system that supports multimethods and method combinations. Common lisp is a lisp 2 which has separate function and data namesapces so you can have both a function called foo and a data item called foo. Clojure, dylan, emacs lisp, eulisp, islisp, lisp, autolisp, julia, moose, r, skill, subl. A lot of things you take for granted are not part of the language though you can have most or all of them from quicklisp libraries. Choosing a standardized technology over a proprietary one is a fair decision if there is actually an implementation that both meets your needs and conforms to that standard. Macros are used to write codegeneration routines, which provide the developer a powerful way to tailor the language to the needs of the developer. There are things clojure will not do such as reader macros. Symbols are not storage locations see var nil is not a symbol.
Setf is macro used for generalpurpose assignment in common lisp. Clojure is a dialect of lisp, and shares with lisp the codeasdata philosophy and a powerful macro system. Idiomatic clojure uses as little state as possible, and clojure. The idea of deep equality making sense for immutable values, but not as much sense for mutable objects unless the mutable. The paper equal rights for functional objects, or, the more things change, the more they are the same by henry baker includes code written in common lisp for a function egal that was an inspiration for clojure s. Since clojure is a lisp1, global functions can be dynamically rebound if they are marked as dynamic.
Some people reach for python, others reach for ruby, or haskell, or sml, or any other darli. In any language, macros are used to generate inline code. Manipulating rows and columns with clawk python vs common lisp, workflow and ecosystem replic v0. Common lisp macro for let to match clojure stack overflow. Why does do s macro expansion,in common lisp, has psetq for no reason. Clojure vs common lisp detailed comparison as of 2020 slant. So how stronger or weaker clojure or elixir are comparing to common lisp.
I though about hacking all the macros to recognize this, and coerce the vector sexpr. Ive since been told that at least common lisp has keyword arguments that are checked at compile time. Over the next twenty or so years various versions and dialects of lisp grew and flourished. Clojure fill a specific niche with a specific approach. This software cant be ported to clojure or racket, without fully. Racket also provides a gui repl environment called drracket. I have practical common lisp, just got let over lambda, and will buy paip real soon now. Tastefully designed by rich hickey, clojure is a lisp that can be used for real world work that leverages years of h. Clojure from the ground up in chapter 1, i asserted that the grammar of lisp is uniform. Aug 24, 2015 the most fundamental difference between common lisp and clojure is that clojure is a lisp like language, and common lisp is an established standard. In the question what are the best productivityenhancing, welldesigned, and concise, rather than just popular or timetested programming languages.
Clojure a dynamic programming language that targets the java virtual machine. With regard to scheme, i believe it would be better for the world if every programmer and nonprogrammer knew it especially if they deal with language design. Dec 16, 2012 part 1 of a presentation by rich hickey at the boston lisp meeting. I think that i have probably bought every book written on common lisp. Jan 25, 2020 clojure provides easy access to the java frameworks, with optional type hints and type inference, to ensure that calls to java can avoid reflection. This is a very important difference between clojure and common lisp and most other programming languages clojure is defined in terms of the evaluation of data structures and not in terms of the syntax of character streamsfiles. Visual studio code common lisp plugin might also be a good way to expose the language to people unfamiliar to the language. Im reading let over lambda, and got curious about something. Part 1 of a presentation by rich hickey at the boston lisp meeting. Personally, id recommend, if you dont have library dependencies and dont have to work with other peoples code, that you learn both, and then write your own set of common lisp macros to give it conveniences inspired by some of the nonjvm advantages of clojure and maybe some conveniences inspired by other modern scripting languages.
They are both pretty much equivalent in terms of what you can do with them, i. The result of reading is the data structure represented by the forms. Thus basic lisp literature is only of use when its about features which got copied. I am currently reading let over lambda which mostly deals with common lisp macros, and, it too, is a very interesting language. It is designed above all to interoperate well with common lisp. How to write common lisp in 2017 an initiation manual articulate lisp.
Learning clojurereader macros wikibooks, open books for. Added initial support for cljcl, need to define printable. Firstly understand that racket and clojure are both in the lisp family but were created and developed for very different reasons. Because it have macros and bla bla, and when you write some software in this language a big. Clojureclr this project is a native implementation of clojure on the common language runtime clr, the execution engine of microsofts. If youve used clojure, that thread macro will not look very odd if you havent, it may be jarring. After the clojurescript compiler came out, people had a really good blueprint for hosting clojure in other languages. Lisp data, and thus lisp code, is read by the reader. When comparing clojure vs common lisp, the slant community recommends clojure for most people. You know that time when you know the kind of result youre looking for, but not completely certain how to do it or you straight up dont know how, right. I was talking last week to some programmers who use the clojure version of lisp and it made me wonder if lisp is so great, why did this guy have to build a slightly different version instead of building a popular application program in an existing version of lisp, such as common lisp. I slightly prefer the lisp 1 approach, since it is simpler and the division between code and data.
Clojure is a tool in the languages category of a tech stack. Common lisp is extensible through standard features such as lisp macros code. Clojure s syntax quote automatically includes the current namespace to help avoid collisions in macros, giving you the. I have read several books on clojure programming clojure, practical clojure, the joy of clojure, and the manning early access edition of clojure in action, and i think it is a fantastic language. Arrowmacros provides clojure like arrow macros in common lisp hipeta arrowmacros. On the other hand, common lisp is detailed as the modern, multiparadigm, highperformance, compiled, ansistandardized descendant of the longrunning family of lisp programming languages. Common lisp, racket, clojure, emacs lisp c a sidebyside reference sheet.
Many core constructs of clojure are not, in fact, primitives, but are normal macros. When comparing nim vs clojure, the slant community recommends nim for most people. But even if common lisp is the true answer, you wont completely waste your time by just picking some deceptively flashy alternative deceptive because commonplace cl doesnt show you all that its macros can do, and it has more kinds of macros than. I slightly prefer the lisp1 approach, since it is simpler and the division between code and data seems a bit arbitrary when you are writing in a functional langauge.
73 554 1476 751 1494 638 730 557 696 895 1264 1356 1363 1122 1173 1340 237 686 415 1420 1405 587 1478 308 1094 949 1309 1176 137 595 1079 613 221 1230 784 1075 6 992 250 782 1446